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Topic Keywords: 160 characters, character sets, long SMS, SMPP, Unicode

Ok, this post may be old news to many … but it’s a question that I get asked frequently …

SMS text messages are limited to 160 characters, but on most GSM networks it is possible to send longer text messages. These messages go out as multiple physical SMS messages that are logically reassembled into a single long text message by the recipient handset.

How does this work? What are the message size considerations? What about special characters?

In GSM environments, an SMS message can contain up to 140 bytes (standard 8-bit bytes) of message data.

To squeeze in a few extra characters, the original SMS architects defined that SMS would use a restricted 7-bit character set which contains English characters, plus a few symbols, and some international characters for Western Europe and Greece (Greek capital letters are included).

When you send a text message, as long as the text only contains characters that are included in the GSM 7-bit character set , 160 7-bit characters are compressed into 140 8-bit bytes to produce the 160 character limit that we are so familiar with. (Note: 160 * 7 = 140 * 8 )

Here is the GSM 7-bit alphabet as defined in ETSI GSM 03.38. These characters can be used in a standard SMS message without requ

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